Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose), which is the main source of energy for cells. It occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin effectively, which over time leads to high blood sugar levels. If diabetes is left untreated, it can cause serious health complications.
Types of diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
An autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.
Daily insulin injections or insulin pumps are required.
Usually diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood, but can occur at any age.
Type 2 diabetes
The most common type, usually associated with insulin resistance (cells do not respond properly to insulin).
Often linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise and obesity.
Can be managed or even reversed with a proper diet, exercise and sometimes medication.
Gestational diabetes
Occurs during pregnancy when hormonal changes cause insulin resistance. Usually goes away after delivery but increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.